![]() ![]() $ echo -e " Blob: \xf4\xa5\xa3\xa5" > sample.data $ echo -e " Ship: \xe8\x88\xb9" > sample.data $ echo -e " Yen: \xa5 Half: \xbd" > sample.data Use of the “echo” command is a great way to add arbitrary bytes to a file as itĪllows direct hex input: $ echo -e " Euro: \x80 Double dagger: \x87" > sample.data Pre-date the invention of UTF-8, they do it in a very inelegant (and incompatible) Systems were attempts to extend the basic ASCII character set to include more characters. :)įirst, we want to add some items using the encodings ‘Windows-1252’ and ‘Latin-1’. Unicode is a dense, complex subject, and this article is dry enough already. Discussions of how UTF-8 representsĬharacters, and its interactions with Unicode, are avoided here, as To better explain the problem and the solution, let’s create a small textįile with a jumble of encodings. The iconv program simply could not handle these tables, This is the big problem with SQL_ASCII: it accepts everything, and does no images) that simply got shoved into a text field somehow. There were even large bits that were plainlyīinary data (e.g. Iconv was not particularly helpful: looking at the tables closely showedĮvidence of many different encodings in each one: Windows-1252, ISO-8859-1, Japanese, In parallel, with some filtering for the problem ones. Quite a few did-but not all of them!-so we wrote a script to import tables If your source text is using one encoding, it fails when it encountersįor this migration, we first did a pg_dump from the old database toĪ newly created UTF-8 test database, just to see which tables had encoding problems. Most popular ones on Unix boxes is “iconv”. Many tools exist which convert text from one encoding to another. Whole mess of different encodings, creating a “byte soup” that will beĭifficult to sanitize by moving to a real encoding (i.e. This usually means the database ends up containing a The SQL_ASCII encoding basically means no encoding at all, and simply storesĪny bytes you throw at it. “DANGER_DO_NOT_USE_THIS_ENCODING”, because it causes nothing but trouble. Poorly-named “SQL_ASCII” encoding, which should be named The mostĬommon one (and the default) is “UTF8”. ![]() When a Postgres database is created, it is set to a specific encoding. Post I’d like to focus on one of the most vexing problems, the database encoding. There were many lessons learned and bumpsĪlong the way for this migration, but for this Were moving their database server to new hardware. That pg_upgrade could not be used, we also took the opportunity to enableĬhecksums as well (this change cannot be done via pg_upgrade). To finally move away from their SQL_ASCII encoding to UTF-8. Postgres database (version 9.2) to the latest version (9.6-but soon to be 10). We recently had an existing End Point client come to us requesting help upgrading from their current Primarily to the pg_upgrade program, but there are times when it simply cannot be used. Upgrading Postgres is not quite as painful as it used to be, thanks I'm only migrating the database, and I supose that somehow the database was like in LATIN1 and then was improperly changed to UTF8.( photograph by NOAA National Ocean Service) I don't know how they got there in the first place. And I don't want to replace them manually one by one to accomplish this.īut it's kinda of strange because with UTF8 there shouldn't be this kind of problems, right? When I check which record triggered this error in fact some vartext fields have diacritical characters like ç (used in Portuguese, for example, "caça"), and when I manually remove them from the text in the records the error passes to the next record that has them - since when copy has an error it stops inserting data on this table. HINT: This error can also happen if the byte sequence does not match the encoding expected by the server, which is controlled by "client_encoding". Pg_restore: COPY failed: ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0xe3a709 Pg_restore: Error from TOC entry 2173 0 35500 TABLE DATA arena favela backup file using the Restore option it gives me some of these errors: pg_restore: restoring data for table "arena" But when I restore the database from the. I'm creating this database exactly like this on the destination server. The original database is in UTF8, like so: - Database: favela To do this I'm using the pgAdmin 1.12.2 (on Ubuntu 11.04 by the way) and using the Backup and Restore using the custom/compress format (.backup) and UTF8 encoding. I was given the task to migrate a PostgreSQL 8.2.x database to another server. ![]()
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